Category : Medicinal
Group : Cultivated
Plant Type : Trees
Botanical Name : Aegle marmelos
Common Name : Bael
Group : Cultivated
Plant Type : Trees
Botanical Name : Aegle marmelos
Common Name : Bael
Uses :
• Fruit pulp is used in stomach disorder.
• Fruits are used to cure dysentery, diarrhea, hepatitis, tuberculosis, dyspepsia.
• Leaves are used in peptic ulcer, respiratory disorder.
• Roots have antidote to snake venom, wound healing properties and used in ear problem.
• The Bael fruit is one of the most nutritious fruits, and used for the preparation of a number of products like candy, squash, toffee and pulp powder.
Parts-Used :
• Fruits
• Roots
Chemical-Ingredients :
Leaves contain alkaloids, umbelliferone skiminin, skimmianine coumarins, leupeol ?-sitosterol, ?- sitosterol.
Yield-Per-Ha :
• 20-30 ton/ha fruit
Origin & Distribution :
The bael tree is indigenous to India and is grown throughout the sub-continent as well as most countries of South-east Asia. It is also found in Burma, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is cultivated throughout India, mainly in temple gardens, because of its status as a sacred tree. Bael grows wild and semi-wild in the North India states of Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh.
Description : Bael tree is held sacred by the Hindus. The history of this tree has been traced to Vedic period. The mention of fruit has been made in Yajurveda. The bael tree has great mythological significance and abounds in the vicinity of temples. The leaves of the tree are traditionally used as sacred offering to Lord Shiva. Lord Shiva is believed to live under the bael tree.
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• Fruit pulp is used in stomach disorder.
• Fruits are used to cure dysentery, diarrhea, hepatitis, tuberculosis, dyspepsia.
• Leaves are used in peptic ulcer, respiratory disorder.
• Roots have antidote to snake venom, wound healing properties and used in ear problem.
• The Bael fruit is one of the most nutritious fruits, and used for the preparation of a number of products like candy, squash, toffee and pulp powder.
Parts-Used :
• Fruits
• Roots
Chemical-Ingredients :
Leaves contain alkaloids, umbelliferone skiminin, skimmianine coumarins, leupeol ?-sitosterol, ?- sitosterol.
Yield-Per-Ha :
• 20-30 ton/ha fruit
Origin & Distribution :
The bael tree is indigenous to India and is grown throughout the sub-continent as well as most countries of South-east Asia. It is also found in Burma, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is cultivated throughout India, mainly in temple gardens, because of its status as a sacred tree. Bael grows wild and semi-wild in the North India states of Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh.
Description : Bael tree is held sacred by the Hindus. The history of this tree has been traced to Vedic period. The mention of fruit has been made in Yajurveda. The bael tree has great mythological significance and abounds in the vicinity of temples. The leaves of the tree are traditionally used as sacred offering to Lord Shiva. Lord Shiva is believed to live under the bael tree.
Family : Rutaceae
Order : Sapindales
Species :
• A. marmelos
Description :
Bael tree is held sacred by the Hindus. The history of this tree has been traced to Vedic period. The mention of fruit has been made in Yajurveda. The bael tree has great mythological significance and abounds in the vicinity of temples. The leaves of the tree are traditionally used as sacred offering to Lord Shiva. Lord Shiva is believed to live under the bael tree.
Order : Sapindales
Species :
• A. marmelos
Description :
Bael tree is held sacred by the Hindus. The history of this tree has been traced to Vedic period. The mention of fruit has been made in Yajurveda. The bael tree has great mythological significance and abounds in the vicinity of temples. The leaves of the tree are traditionally used as sacred offering to Lord Shiva. Lord Shiva is believed to live under the bael tree.
View :
• It is slow-growing, a medium sized deciduous tree.
• It has short trunk, thick, soft, flaking bark, and spreading, sometimes spiny branches, the lower ones drooping.
Leaf :
• Leaves are alternate, trifoliate rarely pentafoliate.
• Leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acuminate and aromatic.
Flower :
• Flowers are greenish white and with sweet scented.
• The petals are four, oblong thick, grey or yellow.
• Flowers come in March-May
Fruit :
• The fruits are oval, or oblong, 2 to 8 inch in diameter.
• Fruits may have hard, woody rind, gray-green until the fruit is fully ripe, when it turns yellowish.
• Fruits come in June.
Seeds :
• Seeds are minute and a lot of.
Height-of-Maturity:
It attains 8-10 m height with 2-5 cm long straight, sharp, axiallary thorns.
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• It is slow-growing, a medium sized deciduous tree.
• It has short trunk, thick, soft, flaking bark, and spreading, sometimes spiny branches, the lower ones drooping.
Leaf :
• Leaves are alternate, trifoliate rarely pentafoliate.
• Leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acuminate and aromatic.
Flower :
• Flowers are greenish white and with sweet scented.
• The petals are four, oblong thick, grey or yellow.
• Flowers come in March-May
Fruit :
• The fruits are oval, or oblong, 2 to 8 inch in diameter.
• Fruits may have hard, woody rind, gray-green until the fruit is fully ripe, when it turns yellowish.
• Fruits come in June.
Seeds :
• Seeds are minute and a lot of.
Height-of-Maturity:
It attains 8-10 m height with 2-5 cm long straight, sharp, axiallary thorns.
(1)
Variety
Name : Narendra Bael - 5
Features :
• It is developed by Narendra Dev Krishi University, Faizabad.
• Fruit are with medium sized (about 1 kg weight), round having smooth surface at maturity, low mucilage, moderately fibrous, soft flesh with excellent taste.
(2) Variety
Name : Narendra Bael - 6
Features :
• It is also developed by Narendra Dev Krishi College, Faizabad.
• Fruits are with medium sized (about 600 g), round having smooth surface, thin rind, soft flesh, low mucilage, mild acidic, few seeds.
(3) Variety
Name : Pant Shivani
Features :
• It is developed by Pant Nagar Krishi University.
• This variety is ripening in mid season.
• Fruits are with shape ovoid oblong, size 2 kg, color lemon yellow at ripening, fiber and mucilage content medium, rind medium thick, pulp light yellow with very good taste and pleasant flavor.
• This variety can be stored for long time.
(4) Variety
Name : Pant Aparna
Features :
• It is also developed by Pant Nagar Krishi University.
• Trees height is low in this variety.
• Fruits are with small size (0.6-0.8 kg), globose, seed, mucilage, fiber and acidity low. flesh yellow, sweet, tasty and having good flavor rind medium thick.
(5) Variety
Name : Pant Sujata
Features :
• It is also developed by Pant Nagar Krishi University.
• Trees height is medium in this variety.
• Fruits are with average size (1 kg), thin rind, yellow sweet flesh with more quantity, less seeds and fiber acidity low, tasty and having good flavor medium thick.
• Fruits can be stored for long time.
(6) Variety
Name : Pant Urvashi
Features :
• It is also developed by Pant Nagar Krishi University.
• Fruits are with shape ovoid oblong sized 1.6 kg, less fiber, with tasty flesh.
Name : Narendra Bael - 5
Features :
• It is developed by Narendra Dev Krishi University, Faizabad.
• Fruit are with medium sized (about 1 kg weight), round having smooth surface at maturity, low mucilage, moderately fibrous, soft flesh with excellent taste.
(2) Variety
Name : Narendra Bael - 6
Features :
• It is also developed by Narendra Dev Krishi College, Faizabad.
• Fruits are with medium sized (about 600 g), round having smooth surface, thin rind, soft flesh, low mucilage, mild acidic, few seeds.
(3) Variety
Name : Pant Shivani
Features :
• It is developed by Pant Nagar Krishi University.
• This variety is ripening in mid season.
• Fruits are with shape ovoid oblong, size 2 kg, color lemon yellow at ripening, fiber and mucilage content medium, rind medium thick, pulp light yellow with very good taste and pleasant flavor.
• This variety can be stored for long time.
(4) Variety
Name : Pant Aparna
Features :
• It is also developed by Pant Nagar Krishi University.
• Trees height is low in this variety.
• Fruits are with small size (0.6-0.8 kg), globose, seed, mucilage, fiber and acidity low. flesh yellow, sweet, tasty and having good flavor rind medium thick.
(5) Variety
Name : Pant Sujata
Features :
• It is also developed by Pant Nagar Krishi University.
• Trees height is medium in this variety.
• Fruits are with average size (1 kg), thin rind, yellow sweet flesh with more quantity, less seeds and fiber acidity low, tasty and having good flavor medium thick.
• Fruits can be stored for long time.
(6) Variety
Name : Pant Urvashi
Features :
• It is also developed by Pant Nagar Krishi University.
• Fruits are with shape ovoid oblong sized 1.6 kg, less fiber, with tasty flesh.
Climate :
• It is a subtropical species.
• It can grow up to an altitude of 4,000 ft (1,200 m) where the temperature rises to 1200F (490C) in the shade in summer and descends to 200F (70 C) in the winter.
Soil :
• It has grown well in swampy, alkaline or stony soils also.
• It required pH range from 5 to 8.
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• It is a subtropical species.
• It can grow up to an altitude of 4,000 ft (1,200 m) where the temperature rises to 1200F (490C) in the shade in summer and descends to 200F (70 C) in the winter.
Soil :
• It has grown well in swampy, alkaline or stony soils also.
• It required pH range from 5 to 8.
Land Preparation :
• Bael can be transplanted directly in the field.
• Generally plants should be planted at a distance of 30X30 feet.
• 3X3X3 feet pits should be digging in the field.
• Pits should be set to free for sunshine in the month of April – May so that nematodes will be destroyed.
• Pits are ready to plant in Jun – July month after getting 3 – 4 rains.
Cropping Method Description :
• The plant can be propagated by seeds.
• Soak the seeds in water for about 12 hours.
• Then dibble into polybags or raised beds.
• Bael can be transplanted directly in the field.
• Generally plants should be planted at a distance of 30X30 feet.
• 3X3X3 feet pits should be digging in the field.
• Pits should be set to free for sunshine in the month of April – May so that nematodes will be destroyed.
• Pits are ready to plant in Jun – July month after getting 3 – 4 rains.
Cropping Method Description :
• The plant can be propagated by seeds.
• Soak the seeds in water for about 12 hours.
• Then dibble into polybags or raised beds.
-Nil-
-Nil-
Manures :
• Application of manures and fertilizers is beneficial for more production of Bael.
• Apply 10 kg farm yard manure, 500g N, 250g P and 500g K / plant to one year old plants. This dose should be increased every year in the same proportion up to the age of 10 years.
• Manures and fertilizers should be spread under whole canopy of the tree.
Irrigation Management :
• Plants need not to be cared for watering because it is sustainable tree.
• Irrigation to young plantation should be given just after manuring and fertilization.
• Basin drip system providing more uniform distribution of water should be used for irrigation of young plants.
• Irrigation at monthly intervals should be given May-June season after the new leaves appear.
Weed Control Management :
• Weeding should be given in initial stage.
• Next weeding should be done in 2 years.
• Application of manures and fertilizers is beneficial for more production of Bael.
• Apply 10 kg farm yard manure, 500g N, 250g P and 500g K / plant to one year old plants. This dose should be increased every year in the same proportion up to the age of 10 years.
• Manures and fertilizers should be spread under whole canopy of the tree.
Irrigation Management :
• Plants need not to be cared for watering because it is sustainable tree.
• Irrigation to young plantation should be given just after manuring and fertilization.
• Basin drip system providing more uniform distribution of water should be used for irrigation of young plants.
• Irrigation at monthly intervals should be given May-June season after the new leaves appear.
Weed Control Management :
• Weeding should be given in initial stage.
• Next weeding should be done in 2 years.
Harvesting Time :
• Bael is widely used for preserve making. Hence mature green fruits are ideal for harvesting.
• Fruits become fully mature after eight months after fruit set.
• Normally, the fruit is harvested when yellowish-green.
• The fruits can be harvested in January.
• Fruits should be harvested individually from the tree along with a portion of fruit stalk
• Care is needed in harvesting and handling to avoid causing cracks in the rind.
• They should not be allowed to drop or fall on the ground otherwise a minor crack in the shell can cause spoilage during storage.
• Bael is widely used for preserve making. Hence mature green fruits are ideal for harvesting.
• Fruits become fully mature after eight months after fruit set.
• Normally, the fruit is harvested when yellowish-green.
• The fruits can be harvested in January.
• Fruits should be harvested individually from the tree along with a portion of fruit stalk
• Care is needed in harvesting and handling to avoid causing cracks in the rind.
• They should not be allowed to drop or fall on the ground otherwise a minor crack in the shell can cause spoilage during storage.
Grading :
• For getting attractive prices, fruits grading depends on their size.
Packing :
Packing depends on the distances.
• Fruits are mostly packed in gunny bags
• Airtight bags are ideal for it.
Storage :
• Ripen fruits can be stored for 15 days.
• It can be ripe artificially in 18 to 24 days by treatment with 1,000 to 1,500 ppm ethrel (2-chloroethane phosphonic acid) and storage at 860F (300C).
• It should be stored in dry place.
Transportation :
• In general farmers use bullock carts or tractors for sending the produce to nearby market.
• From market yards, the produce is transported to distance in ordinary trucks and Lorries.
• Perfect packing, care in loading and unloading and quick transport results in less spoilage of crops.
Other-Value-Additions :
• Squash
• Jam
• Toffee
• Powder
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• For getting attractive prices, fruits grading depends on their size.
Packing :
Packing depends on the distances.
• Fruits are mostly packed in gunny bags
• Airtight bags are ideal for it.
Storage :
• Ripen fruits can be stored for 15 days.
• It can be ripe artificially in 18 to 24 days by treatment with 1,000 to 1,500 ppm ethrel (2-chloroethane phosphonic acid) and storage at 860F (300C).
• It should be stored in dry place.
Transportation :
• In general farmers use bullock carts or tractors for sending the produce to nearby market.
• From market yards, the produce is transported to distance in ordinary trucks and Lorries.
• Perfect packing, care in loading and unloading and quick transport results in less spoilage of crops.
Other-Value-Additions :
• Squash
• Jam
• Toffee
• Powder
